Characterization of a local-based concept of public insecurity.

Abstract

This study addresses the crisis of insecurity in Latin America by attempting to build a local based concept of public insecurity. Using the case study of the Cerro de La Estrella National park in Iztapalapa, a neighbourhood famous for its insecurity in Mexico City. The study explores the definition of insecurity and its relation with use and access of public space in marginalized areas of urban Latin America.

Based on the theories on public insecurity developed in the field of fear of crime, this study attempts to fill in recognized gaps in conceptual development and contextuality. It questions the contemporary relevance and applicability of the concept.

The research question it aims to answer is Which factors affect the perception of insecurity in the Cerro de La Estrella National Park in Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México? And How do these factors affect the perception of insecurity?

The study consists in a quantitative exploration of the topics of victimization, vulnerability and environmental measures on the site, identified as the key components of insecurity in the literature. In addition, it presents a qualitative exploration on the factors that affect site-specific insecurity along with its socio-spatial consequences. For this, it relies on surveys and semi-structured interviews gathered over two fieldwork seasons.

The major findings from this research indicate that insecurity is influenced by many factors, their presence and interrelations being highly context-dependent. Understanding the factors which affect insecurity in its local variety is key for the development of effective policies. Finally, this study finds that securitization measures reliant on privatization of public space in the Cerro de La Estrella have led to increased insecurity.